The picture shown is Robert Boyle's self-flowing flask fills itself in this diagram, but perpetual motion machines cannot exist (according to our present understanding of physics).
The word paradox is often used interchangeably and wrongly with contradiction; but where a contradiction by definition cannot be true, many paradoxes do allow for resolution, though many remain unresolved or only contentiously resolved, such as Curry's paradox ("If this sentence is true, the world will end in a week.") Still more casually, the term is sometimes used for situations that are merely surprising, albeit in a distinctly "logical" manner, such as the Birthday Paradox(if there are 23 or more people in a room then there is a chance of more than 50% that at least two of them will have the same birthday). This is also the usage in economics, where a paradox is an unintuitive outcome of economic theory.
Sometimes supernatural or science fiction themes are held to be impossible on the grounds that they result in paradoxes. The theme of time travel has generated a whole family of popular paradoxes, supposed to arise from a person's interference with the past. Suppose Adam, who was born in 1990, travels back in time to 1901 and kills his own grandfather. It follows that neither his father nor he himself will be born; but then he would not have existed to travel back in time and kill his own grandfather; but then his grandfather would not have died and Jones himself would have lived; etc. This is known as the Grandfather paradox.
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